Code: 17AMBMPZ Methods and Devices for Processing, Compression and Recording of Image Signal
Lecturer: doc. Ing. Jiří Hozman Ph.D. Weekly load: 1P+1C Completion: A
Department: 17110 Credits: 3 Semester: W
Description:
The general system for image processing. Fundamentals of imaging based on image sensors. Sampling, quantization and representation of digital image. Aliasing. The transfer properties of the imaging system. Color image sensing. Summary of image formats. Digitizing rasters. The video signal. A/D converters of video signal, frame-grabber. HW and SW tools for image processing. Compression methods. Compression standards. Signal recording methods. Digital signal recording. Compression of the audio signal. Selected recording standards for video and audio recording.
Contents:
1. Image digitization - Introduction - Part 1
2. Image digitization - continued - Part 2
3. HW and SW for image processing
4. Image compression - methods
5. Image compression - standards
6. Audio signal recording
7. Video signal recording

A. Video signal digitization
B. Video signal compression
C. HW and SW for image processing
D. Video signal recording

Part A. Video signal digitization
A1) Introduction. Examples of applications where an image processing is used. Main parts of the general system for the image processing. Fundamentals of imaging based on the image sensors.
A2) Sampling, quantization and representation of digital image. Aliasing, moiré effect. Description of the transfer properties of the imaging system, PSF, MTF. Color image sensing, Bayer´s mask, interpolation.
A3) Overview of image formats, raster and vector formats, pallet formats. Digitizing rasters.

Part B. Video signal compression
B1) compression methods - basic characteristics of visual information, the basic principles of image and video compression, redundant and irrelevant information, lossy and lossless coding (Shannon), DPCM and prediction model, DCT including quantization, RLE, dictionary methods (LZW), VLC (Huffman, arithmetic), motion detection and prediction, vector quantization, SBC, wavelet transform, fractals, encoding using the model.
B2) Compression Standards - JPEG, JPEG 2000, MPEG -2, MPEG 4-2, H.264 / AVC (MPEG 4 - 10), image databases

Part C. HW and SW for image processing
C1) Video signal and its properties. Overview and functions of the A/D video signal converters, frame-grabber. Aspects of the digital video signal transmission. HW implementation of image processing algorithms (FPGA, GPU). PC interfaces (USB 3.0, FireWire (IEEE1394), CameraLink).
C2) SW interfaces for video capture (TWAIN, WIA). Software for image processing (DirectShow, OpenCV, Matlab).

Part D. Video signal recording
D1) Introduction, historical overview of the formats of video and audio recording. Overview of signal recording methods - mechanical, magnetic, optical, magneto-optic and fixed memory recording.
D2) Specifics of digital signal recording. Anti-error security of record. Audio signal compression - principles, standards MPEG, ATRAC, Ogg Vorbis.
D3) Overview of selected recording standards for video and audio recording. CD, DAT, MiniDisc, SACD, DVD-A, VHS, Betacam, HDCAM, DV, DVD-V, XDCAM (BD), XDCAM-HD, XDCAM-EX

Seminar contents:
1. VHS - video recording with rotating heads - resolution measurements based on the measuring line.
2. CD Recording - comparing of time graphs and spectra for PCM and DSD signal. Comparison of the spectra of compressed signals - MPEG, WMA.
3. Image compression experiment - the basic procedure for implementation of JPEG format, evaluation of image quality, the use of integral transforms (spectrum)
4. Image sampling and quantization. Test pattern design, aliasing.
5. Color image sensing, interpolation based on the Bayer mask. Image format reading and identification of data in the header file.
6. Imaging systém PSF and MTF.
7. A/D converter, frame grabber. Matlab as tool for communication with video signal device
Recommended literature:
[1] Sonka, M., Hlavac, V., Boyle, R.: Image Processing, Analysis, and Machine Vision. 4th ed. Cengage Learning, 2014. 912 p. ISBN-13: 978-1133593607
[2] Educational texty. Image Acquisition and Processing in Biomedical Microscopy. [online]. Jiří Hozman, c2002-2013. Last modified 17. 10. 2012 [cit. 2014-09-23]. URL: http://webzam.fbmi.cvut.cz/hozman/
[3] HOLST, Gerald C. Sampling, aliasing, and data fidelity for electronic imaging systems, communications, and data acquisition. Winter Park (Florida): JCD Publishing; Bellingham (Washington): SPIE PRESS, 1998, 342 s. ISBN 0-9640000-3-2; ISBN 0-8194-2763-2.
[4] Mitchell, Joan L.: MPEG Video Compression Standard. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996. Holladay, UT, USA. ISBN 9780306469831.
[5] Acharya, Tinku: JPEG2000 Standard for Image Compression : Concepts, Algorithms and VLSI Architectures. John Wiley. Tsai, Ping-Sing. 2005. Hoboken, NJ, USA. ISBN 9780471653752. http://site.ebrary.com/lib/cvut/docDetail.action?docID=10114023

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